Recruitment Selection And Retention And Sainsburys Management Essay

Recruitment Selection And Retention And Sainsburys Management Essay Human resources are the people who work in an organisation; they are the most important people in every organisation. Human resources can provide hard and clear method of their value to look up the performance. Human Resources Management (HRM) is to enables the organisation and member of staffs to use their skills to achieve the goals and relationship. At the means time, HRM must guarantee the agreement is satisfied. Human Resources Management (HRM) at Sainsburys is to recruit, develop and maintain quality of staff because the staffs are come from different resources to work in the same organisation. The HRM department is deal with recruitment, training, motivation, salaries, induction and career planning. The reason of training is to give opportunities to the staffs to develop knowledge, attitudes, and skills to help Sainsburys to achieve the goals. To be successful, Sainsburys has found out about the needs and objectives of every single staff, for example through the assessment process and then creating the opportunities within the organisationand outside the organisation for staffs to improve themselves. Sainsburys HR Policies Sainsburys has given the applicants an equal opportunities policy to be treated at the same way. The Sainsburys is respects applicants privacy. Any information that applicants have given is security and keeps with extreme care. The HRM will ensure and keep all the information safely. They will only use the information in a sensible time. They will store the information that the applicants provide to them for a limited time only if the application is unsuccessful. Recruitment, selection, and retention Recruitment for Sainsburys is the process to have the right person, in the right place, at the right time. It is important to organisational performance. Recruitment is an important activity, not just for the HR team but also for line managers who are increasingly involved in the selection process. All those involved in recruitment activities should be aware of relevant legislation.   There are two main processes for selecting applicants: short listing and assessing applicants to make a decision who should be offered a job. To use a variety of tools appropriate to the time and resources available to make to decision of selection. To ensure Sainsburys is fair and reliable; all the tools they use should be certify and regularly review. Recruiting and selection the best member is only half of the conflict. Sainsburys realise that to maintaining and developing their members are more important. Sainsburys has found the best way is to keep their members around the goal and provide plenty of opportunities for everyone, to achieve their potential. Sainsburys has started their retention program since 2004, and they have reduced the number of non-management members leaving each year. Sainsburys will advertise their vacancies in their website www2.sainsburys.co.uk. When applications want to apply for a position, they will need to provide their personal information as below: Name Address Postcode Date of birth Marital status Qualifications Employment history National Insurance Number 2 references contact information CV (for certain roles only) The HR department will use all this information to: To process the recruitment application They may use telephone or email to contact the applicants to discuss their application If the applicants approval to the application, they will be consider for selection position which may be equivalent to Internal record keeping Complete their legal obligation Frame recruits records if application is successful If the applicants are successful in their application, HR department will contact referees to get references When HRM department post a job advertisement, they will always follow or remember about Anti Discrimination Legislation. The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Makes criminal to discriminate in an advertisement by mention sex The Race Relations Act 1976 Makes criminal an advertisement that discriminates against any particular race The Age Discrimination Regulations 2006 Makes criminal to discriminates against employees on account of their age Task 2: Building Winning Team The principles of team working may be easy to understand, but the mission of installing it can be quite scary. Introducing team working is not straight forward job, the simple matter of adding a new idea to those already in place. It is about making a fundamental change in the way people work. Every team working application is different. Each organisation, department and individual group is faced with unique problems and in some situations it is more about getting rid of old ways of doing things than injecting new ones. (J. Wilson, Building Team- with attitude) Meredith Belbin a British researcher and management theorist, best known for his work on management teams. He developed one of the most popular and widely used analyses of individual roles within a work group or a team. Teamwork has always been a system that has proved productive over the year. The most consistently successful team involve a range of roles undertaken by a mixture of members. Meredith Belbin has carry out a study that took many years of work, and the results are held in high regard. Belbin has created nine useful types team roles. Belbin Team-Roles Inventory Team roles Strengths Allowable weaknesses Plant Creative, imaginative, personal Solves difficult problems Ignores information Too thoughtful to communicate well Monitor evaluator serious, tactical and sensitive Sees all options Judges accurately Lacks drive and ability to inspire others Specialist Single minded, self sharing, enthusiastic Provides knowledge and skills in rare supply Contributes only on a narrow front Dwells on technicalities Shaper Challenging, active, succeed on pressure The drive and courage to overcome problem Can hassle others hurts peoples feelings Implementer Disciplined, reliable, traditional and well-organized Turns ideas into handy actions Always refer to the roles fairly inflexible Slow to response to new possibilities Completer careful, hard-working, nervous Searches out errors and omission Delivers on time Inclined to worry unduly unenthusiastic to delegate Co-ordinator Mature, confident, a good leader Clarifies goals, promotes decision making Delegates well Can be seen as manipulative off-load personal work Teamworker Co-operative, mild, perceptive and diplomatic Listens, builds, averts friction unsure in crunch situations Resource investigator outgoing person, enthusiastic, communicative Explores opportunities Develops contacts Over optimistic Loses interest once initial enthusiasm has passed Task 3: Evaluate leadership The way in which the managers normally perform towards members of the teams is known as leadership style. There are four types of leadership style are using by Sainsburys as below: Laissez-faire leadership Autocratic or Authoritarian leadership Bureaucratic leadership Democratic leadership LAISSEZ FAIRE LEADERSHIP STYLE Laissez-faire style is the leader who does not actually control or involve in the task. The leader will empowerment the members to make decision, to decide what they think is best. Laissez-faire style also known as a hand off leadership style because the leader doesnt gives direction to the members. Most laissez faire styles offer no or very little guidance to the members of the same group, amidst leaving the making of decisions to other group members.   As much as it could be clearly effective in those situations where most members happen to be highly qualified and skilful in their area experience and know-how, it has often led to poor roles definition plus a sheer lack in motivation. The advantages and disadvantages of Laissez-faire leadership style: Advantages If the members are very responsible If the members are guided by his own target Disadvantages Members feel that they dont have their sense of direction and focus Poor management and no good results Members lose motivation and interest to finish a task Less communication between the teams and leaders AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE Autocratic leadership style is the leader does involves and responsibility in all task. The leader can be possible to reserve the right decision. The leader will make all the decision and they will not ask or allow any of the members to give any suggestion and opinion. All the members are under control by the leader. Autocratic leadership style is one of the oldest styles and is the easiest style to see the immediate goals. When the important tasks are handled quickly and correctly, the leader need to make sure all the members are exactly know where they need to be and doing their job. This leadership style will make the assistants depressed because there is too much direct inspection To be a successful autocratic leader in Sainsburys, the leader needs to remember few things as follow: Respect the assistants Explain to rules Be consistent Educate before enforce Listen, even if you dont change The advantages and disadvantages of Autocratic leadership style: Advantages Where control is necessary Very effective when is stressful Members can become more potential to improve the organisation Leaders have the best idea More motivation for the members Quick decision and less argument Disadvantages Create a panic and offence environment Progress will delay Sometimes can be annoying the team members Leaders are responsibility for the results Members feel unhappy and fail to appreciate Less chances to communicate with each other BUREAUCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE Bureaucratic leadership follows a close set of standards. The leader does everything should be according to procedure, rules and policy. The entire task done in an exact, specify way to make sure safety and truth. The leader normally works in a dangerous environment and need to specific some necessary procedures to ensure the safety. Advantages Team members have to follow the routine which is given Team members need to know certain principles or procedures Team members are given security and safety training Members of teams are involving in cash handling if require Leader will always need to communicate with team members Disadvantages Members lose their motivation and interest Members do only what is expected DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE Democratic leadership style is called the partnership style because it encourages team members to be a part of decision making. This leadership style is a very open and collegial style of running a group. The leader will always discuss with or ask permission from members before decide anything. Advantages More motivation and interesting More chances to communicate between leader and team members Can get or share different idea, opinion, experience Can build a good relationship between leader and members Decision will be more accurate Disadvantages Spend more time to make a decision Situation can develop where responsibilities are not clear cut. Cooperation can result in actions that are not the most effective THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP Great Man Theory Behavioral Theory Management Theory Relationship Theory Great Man Theory Great Man theory believed that the ability for leadership is natural, means that the leaders are born but not made. Also describe the leaders are brave enough, mythic and designed to develop the leadership when it needed. Early research on leadership based on the study of great leaders. These people were often from the elite, as some of the lower classes had the opportunity to lead. Contributed to the impression the leadership had little to do with reproduction. Great ideas mythic domain of human thought that in times of need, a great man, will create magic with almost, lost. Easy to verify that people like Eisenhower and Churchill was the point, go back and forth only those with time, even Jesus, Moses, Mohammed and Buddha. Gender issues table when the Great Man theory was proposed were not. Most leaders were male, and a great womans thought leadership in other areas was generally. The researchers were also male, and andocentric bias to worry about was a long way from being realized. Behavioral Theory Behavioral theories of leadership do not seek inborn traits or capabilities. Rather, they see exactly what politicians do. If success can be defined in terms of describable actions, then it may be very easy to work on the same way other people. Its easy to teach and learn then the more short-term property or capabilities adopt. Behavioral trait theory assumes that leadership ability that can be contained rather than, can be learned is a big leap. It opens the floodgates to leadership development, as opposed to simple psychometric assessment that with the leadership of the kind of people who will never get the chance. Develop a behavioral theory is quite simple, as you just assess both leadership success and the actions of politicians. With a large enough study, you then can correlate with success statistically significant behavior. You can identify the behaviors that contribute to failure, thus adding another layer of understanding. Management Theory Management Theory, also identified as Transactional theory, it is focus on the role of supervision, organization and group performance. Team members perform their best if the task is clearly given and they need to be carefully and make sure that expectations are met. The management theory is bases leadership on a system of rewards and punishments. When team members are performing well, they are giving reward; when they performing poorly, they are giving punishment. For management theory is very important to have rules, standards and procedures. The management theory is more effective if the tasks are simple and clearly defined, so the team members are not expected to be creative. Relationship Theories Relationship theories, also known as transformational theories, it is focus on the connections between leaders and followers.  Transformational leaders are normally active, excited and passionate. They are not only involved and concerned in the process but also  motivated and encourage people by helping group members see the importance and higher good of the task. The leaders also have high ethical and moral standards. TASK 4: Work and development needs Development needs of individual For Sainsburys to be a successful organisation and to achieve the goals, it is very important that to monitor or measure the team members performance on a regular basis. Normally Sainsburys will measure the individual members performance every six month. To measure members performance is not only to accurate performance review but also to judge and measure members potential. Sainsburys is using the ways below to measure individual performance: Quantity- the number of units produced, processed or sold Quality- the quality of work performed Timeliness- how fast to finish a job Attendant- how regular the member work Personal appearance- how they dress for work Feedback- positive and negative feedback from colleagues and customers 360-Degree or Full-Circle Appraisal:  The members performance is appraised by everyone who works together. Including managers, customers and members of other departments. After the performance measurement, Sainsburys will improve their members by giving them more training, motivation, incentives. Incentives included increasing salary and rewards. If the members are performance well they will be given rewards like presents, gift vouchers, etc; or by increasing their pay rate. Training and motivation are to provide and increase the job knowledge and individual skills at each level. It also helps the members to expend the horizons of human brain and an overall personality. Factor affecting the quality of performance Productivity- to increase the productivity of the members to achieve the long team goal of the organisation. Team spirit- to improve the sense of team work and relationship of team members. Organisation culture- to develop and improve the organisation health culture and effectiveness Quality- to improve the quality of work and work life Morale- to improve the morale of the work force Health and safety- to improve health and safety skills Training- to improve and make sure team members understand

Aviation Security

Prior to the 9/11 attack, the US Aviation had little concern over the threat of either hijacking or terrorism. Surveys detailing the passengers’ concerns in flights were more directed towards the airlines’ maintenance and safety than the risk of being hijacked or being attacked by terrorists (Rosenzweig and Kochems, 2005). But after the 9/11 attack, especially with terrorists having used planes as the instruments for initiating a global anxiety over terrorism, aviation security has become an utmost priority of the Department of Homeland Security (Decker, 2005).Increased international concern over terrorist-related aviation security heightened after the attack. This is evidenced by several complaints and questions issued immediately after 9/11. According to the Citizens’ Complaint and Petition as filed with NY AG Eliot Spitzer on November 2004, New York citizens were dissatisfied with official investigations done regarding the attack. Some of the implications of t he complaint include the citizens’ suspicion of unsatisfactory intelligence prior to September 11 and that some government officials are responsible for the attack and are directly to blame for the tragedy.In other words, the citizens doubt that the tragedy was a result of mere incompetence on the part of the intelligence committee but more of an act of complicity between the terrorists and some officials. Quoting from the complaint: â€Å"A majority of citizens come to suspect high crimes and treachery within their own government, but cannot find officials with enough courage, power or independence to thoroughly investigate their concerns and restore the public trust (2004). †Moreover, the citizens are concerned that the government is deliberately hiding the real results of the investigation regarding the 9/11 attack keeping their questions from being answered and their peace of mind untended. Representative Cynthia McKinney of Georgia responded to a 9/11 briefing say ing that a number of families of the 9/11 tragedy’s victims share her concerns about the truth on all aspects about the 9/11 attack: â€Å"This calls for another look at the government's account of 9/11, which guides so much of what has happened since.Mistakes of fact, intentional or not, have changed and guided America into costly wars and increased insecurity at home. They need to be addressed and scrutinized, not dismissed and used to attack those who discover or raise those (2005). † Although not stated directly such complaints imply the citizens’ concern for justice and the assurance that their government could be trusted with providing them with their right to a safe environment.Such actions and concerns by the citizens force the government to respond by enhancing security measures especially in aviation, and improving intelligence and investigative capabilities as demanded by the rising anxiety resulting from the tragedy. The complaint also expressed conc erns over the taxing effect of â€Å"exaggerated† security measures on civil liberty but notwithstanding, most are still willing to sacrifice the said liberty in exchange for the safety that they demand to be ensured of.In this era of terrorist threat, the citizens regard their civil liberty as second only to their safety. This proves the growing concern of the public over security with its extent emphasized by the object they are willing to exchange it for (O’Connor, 2006). In ensuring the safety of the people and the state, one very important factor to consider is the efficiency in allocation of resources. Clearly, it would be unwise to try to protect everything from terrorist attacks because of limited resources and the asymmetric aspect of risks and consequences afforded to different assets.Here assets refer to people, structures, places, ideas, or any possible object (or non-object) that terrorists may direct their attack to (Rosenzweig and Kochems, 2005). The Sec retary of the Department of Homeland Security, Michael Chertoff, recognizes the state’s limitation in resources and emphasized in one of his speeches, the need for an â€Å"objective measure of risk (Rosenzweig and Kochems, 2005). † Here is where the risk-based approach to counterterrorism comes.In other words, prioritization is very important in ensuring the efficiency in allocation of resources. The efficiency in allocation of resources can be realized by using the risk-based approach. Risk-based Approach to counterterrorism involves the identification and analysis of risks or threats, vulnerability, and criticality. The assessment of these factors is critical in determining how to allocate resources efficiently for maximum prevention of terrorism, which is the main purpose counterterrorism (Decker, 2005).The analysis of threats involves the identification of current assets that are most at risk to terrorist attacks, the capacity of the terrorists to attack the asset , the chance of success of the possible attack and the possible consequences if such attacks were successful (Decker, 2005). If the analysis of threats involves the risks, the analysis of vulnerabilities involves the assessment of the state’s limitations in terms of resources, capabilities and assets.The identification of possible structures which are most at risk to being attacked, the limitations of intelligence, the limitations in terms of funds, are aspects which are important in the analysis of vulnerabilities because these weaknesses, aside from being easily manipulated by terrorists to their advantage, could also cripple our forces if successfully attacked (Decker, 2005). The analysis of criticality involves the possible effect of a successful attack.Here, the differences in consequences afforded by successful attacks are considered. It is important to consider in the analysis of criticality, the assets’ functions and the degree to which a successful attack woul d cause damage not only to the states’ functions but also to the peoples’ psychological status and moral excellence (Decker, 2005). To summarize, risk is the primary consideration in the actions and decisions executed for the prevention of terrorism.Analyzing the processes involved in the risk-based approach to counterterrorism, we can deduce that the factors influencing the â€Å"objective† value attributed to â€Å"risk† are the probability of attack, the probability of a successful attack and the probable degree of damage caused by the successful attack (Rosenzweig and Kochems, 2005). Considering the factors involved in the assessment of risk, aviation deserves to be one of those included in the list of high priority assets. The success of the 9/11 attack exemplifies the degree of risk involved in aviation.The probability of attack is high considering the limitations in security especially when an airline is not on land, which also increases its chance of success. The damage involved includes the lives of civilians, the loss of the airline involved, disruption in economic activity and abstract losses such as psychological and morale discord. In response to the threat associated with aviation, TSA Administrator Kip Hawley announced changes in security procedures. These changes include more intensive screenings and a longer list of prohibited items.Understandably, firearms, ammunition and any other explosive including fireworks are not permitted at the checkpoint and in any checked or carry-on baggage. Lighters, pocketknives, teargas and other weapons of self-defense are now prohibited at checkpoint (â€Å"TSA reminds passengers to:†¦ †, 2006). A more intensive detection procedure for greater threats such as explosives and guns is now implemented. One security tactic implemented in aviation is that of unpredictability. This is called the layered-screening approach. Various random methods are now used to screen passenger s.According to Hawley, it is important that the aviation security is equipped with the â€Å"weapon of uncertainty† so as not to let terrorists gain the advantage of knowledge to easily maneuver situations for the accomplishment of their terrorist plans. Also, according to Hawley, this tactic will help the security team in focusing endeavors to preventing individuals from gaining access to the object of their harmful intent (â€Å"TSA Unveils Enhanced Security Screening Procedures and Changes to the Prohibited Items List†, 2005). Before, aviation security measures include only passing through metal detectors and the screening of baggage.The new security measure now includes additional screenings such as screening of shoes and clothes for explosives, more extensive inspections of baggage and the passenger himself. All these additional measures are done randomly in accordance with the layered screening approach (â€Å"TSA Unveils Enhanced Security Screening Procedures a nd Changes to the Prohibited Items List†, 2005). Secure Flight is a program specially designed for the enhancement of aviation security, specifically targeted to the prevention of terrorist attacks.This program involves the screening of passengers against a terrorist watch list provided by the FBI: an enhanced screening process, identity authentication process, checking of a passenger name against a database and an appeals process for misidentified passengers (Elias, 2005). It is developed to displace the Computer Assisted Prescreening System. The reliability of the program has been questioned because of possible damage to civil liberties, as names are not always unique (Singel, 2004).Although the detection of terrorist-passengers is essential in ensuring safety, the program’s imperviousness to hackers is questionable. Just recently, the Associated Press reported the suspension of the program because of this issue. Still, Hawley recognizes that the program is essential to aviation security (â€Å"Secure Flight†, 2006). In any case, the main problems associated with security checks involve damages to civil liberties and privacy. Programs like Secure Flight, CAPPS and Clear, operated by a private company, Verified Identity Pass, Inc. are continually being suspended due to issues concerning privacy.In a report done by the Department of Homeland Security, the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC), EPIC impels the TSA to suspend all private programs including Clear until the concerns over the implications of the programs on privacy are resolved, especially with the use of databases and watch lists. Also, EPIC impels the suspension of the programs until regulations are polished to comply with laws on Privacy (â€Å"Comments on the Electronic Privacy Information Center†, 2005). PDD 39 or the US Counterterrorism Policy formally states the US’ position regarding terrorism.It outlines the country’s purposes and procedures in implementing counterterrorism strategies. It treats all aspects of terrorism whether it is direct or indirect participation both as a crime and a threat to the national security. In this regard, the US Policy on counterterrorism vows to apply all means to fight terrorism (Clinton, 1995). Specifically, the US counterterrorism policy aims to reduce the state’s vulnerabilities against possible threats, deter terrorism, enhance facilities, prevent entrance of weapons of mass destruction and further lead agency responsibilities.The implementation of such tasks is delegated to specific departments. In the case of aviation, it is the TSA, part of the Department of Homeland Security that is tasked in ensuring the safety of flight passengers as well as the transportation of cargo. In the event of increased threats of terrorism, the TSA’s security measures as outlined in the previous paragraphs, have been satisfactory in providing the citizens security (â€Å"Aviation Securi ty: Efforts to measure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , 2003). For instance, the more intensive screening done to passengers is consistent to the US counterterrorism policies.One, it prevents the entrance of terrorists and thus their inducing terror to the citizens inside national boundaries. Also, the intensive screening and enhanced detection capacities prevent the entrance of weapons of mass destruction, reducing the risks such weapons afford the citizens and other assets of the nation. Specifically, the TSA policy involved in the prevention of weapons of mass destruction is the stricter monitoring of freight, as well as the passengers’ baggage (â€Å"Airport Passenger Screening:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , 2003).Other TSA policies that are consistent with the US counterterrorism policy is its enhanced list of prohibited items. Now that pocketknives, teargas and even lighters are prohibited at checkpoint, the probability of hijacking is reduced. Efforts like training screeners also deter terrorism by d ecreasing the likelihood of small detection errors that could have caused heavy damage to the nation. Proposals like the implementation of CAPP and Secure flight, although plagued by criticisms (Singel, 2004), are also aimed to comply with the US Counterterrorism policies.Both of which could be placed under the â€Å"enhancing counterterrorism capabilities† aspect of the US counterterrorism policies. Counterterrorism measures, aside from its mission being to combat terrorism, are done to give the citizens a perception of safety with its heightened efforts to ensure their security. This is very evident in the security measures implemented in airports where passengers are doubly screened, to the dismay of those with terrorist purposes and those shouting for their civil liberties.Given the extra efforts by the Department of Homeland Security to grant the citizens their right to safety, the citizens were supposed to feel extra safe. This is not the case. Extra efforts to provide the citizens the safety they deserve only confirms the degree of danger they perceive to be in to. To add to this, the media overly emphasize the risk posed by terrorism fueling with publicity-derived strength.If the government’s efforts are directed towards giving the citizens security or at least a perception of it, the terrorists, being what they are, aim to instill fear and terror, if not physically with bombs, at least psychologically. It appears that the media and the perpetrators of terror are living symbiotically: the media are giving the terrorists its required publicity to instill terror in the minds of the people and the terrorists provide the media with good stories to tell.In addition, it is the media which gives so much coverage to the extra counterterrorist efforts given by the government which reflects not only the strengths but also its weaknesses. The very idea that the efforts of the government to provide the citizens with security are with loopholes has mu ch more effect in the people’s minds even if its strengths outweighs the weaknesses. The result is the realization of terrorist goals which is to instill fear and terror in every possible way as well as influence the media audience with distrust in the government’s security efforts (Bowdish, 2006).The internet seems to provide the terrorists with one of the best means to disseminate fear, taking advantage of the anonymity and its fast-paced nature. Lots of websites in the internet are now being maintained, unbeknownst to the civilians, by terrorists (Glass, 2001). This medium is especially useful in speedy dissemination of visuals and ideas that instill fear. Other methods include: manipulating reports by promoting contrived neutrality, indirectly aimed at making civilians question any actions done by the state, its policies, security measures and its legitimacy.Some civilians, with their good intention of fighting for freedom are unknowingly influenced by propaganda t actically planned by terrorists (Bowdish, 2006). They are unknowing victims of terrorist machinations. With the government’s passing of new policies aimed at securing the people, specifically, the layered screening done in airports, and the new and unpredictable methods strategically imposed to prevent easy entrance of terrorists in the US, the government has satisfactorily defended the state and most importantly its citizens from terrorism.Unfortunately, the government could only do so with the physical aspect of terrorism. Information can easily be manipulated and with very minimal censorship through the media and from this terrorist weapon, the government can do very little to protect the citizens. The government is not in control of the information disseminated in the media, nor do they have the power to choose which information to be withheld and which information to be broadcasted.In addition, it would not be unwise to control the media as this would only add to the psy chological effect that the terrorists, with the help of the media, are producing (Bowdish, 2006). Counterterrorism methods employed today are very much similar to the methods employed in the 1980’s during the Drug War when in 1984; President Ronald Reagan militarized the drug war starting from urine testing and forfeiture of properties towards a decreased threshold of arrest with only hearsay evidence and the use of surveillance systems (â€Å"Drug War†, 2004).Similar to the counterterrorism methods expounded in the revised US Patriot Act, the government officials have expanded powers over gathering information which involves, like that in the Drug War, lower threshold of evidence needed for the arrest of suspected individuals, and forfeiture of properties of those suspected to be working for terrorists. Like in the Drug War, the efforts and procedures employed in combating terrorism are not fully supported by the citizens.Both in the 1980s drug war and today’s counterterrorism involve the citizens’ derision over the loss of their civil liberty and their petition for human rights (â€Å"Drug War†, 2004). In both events, there is an increase in government spending, in 1980’s, to contain drug use and at present, to combat terrorism and increase national security. During the drug war, campaigns for and against the legalization of marijuana had spread in all mediums of communication: radio, newspaper and television. In today’s war against terrorism, the internet has been added to the list of mediums used in campaigns.Like today’s war against terrorism, the efforts in reducing drug use in the 1980s seemed to be futile. Despite the government’s efforts in preventing increase in drug use through the passage of laws and implementation of stricter penalties, the rate of drug abuse had not changed significantly. Today’s war on terrorism involves the same seemingly futile efforts. Terrorists, being as they are, would not be easily deterred by any law or security measure (Bowdish, 2006). They would always try to find means to gain access to whatever vulnerability the nation may have and actuate their terrorist plans.But still, even with this seeming futility, the government is supposed to act towards the betterment of the society and that betterment does not include any hazard and that includes both drugs and terrorism. References â€Å"Airport Passenger Screening: Preliminary Observations on Progress Made and Challenges Remaining†. (Sep 2003). General Accounting Office Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Aviation, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives. Washington DC: US. â€Å"Aviation Security: Efforts to Measure Effectiveness and Strengthen Security Programs†. (20 Nov.2003). General Accounting Office Testimony Before the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives. Washington DC: Berrick, C. Bowdish, R. (5 May 20 06). Cerberus to Mind: Media as Sentinel in the Fight against Terrorism. Strategic Insights. 5 (5). â€Å"Citizens' Complaint and Petition as Filed With NY AG Eliot Spitzer† (19 November 2004). The Justice for 9/11 Steering Committee. USA. Clinton, W. (21 Jun. 2005). PDD 39: US Policy on Counterterrorism. The White House. Washington, D. C. â€Å"Comments of the Electronic Privacy Information Center† (08 Dec. 2005). Department of Homeland Security.Washington DC: Rotenberg, M. Decker, R. (2005). Homeland Security: A Risk Management Approach Can Guide Preperedness Efforts. Testimony before the Senate Committee on Government Affairs. USA. â€Å"Drug War 101†. (n. d. ). Human Rights and Drug War Website. Retrieved 10 August 2006 from the World Wide Web: http://www. hr95. org/dw101. htm. Elias, B. et. al. (04 Mar 2005). Homeland Security: Air Passenger Prescreening and Counterterrorism. CRS Report for Congress. US. The Library of Congress. Glass, A. (Dec. 2001). The W ar on Terrorism Goes Online: Media and Government Response to First Post-Internet Crisis.Press, Politics and Public Policy Working Paper Series. The Joan Shorenstein Center, Harvard University. McKinney, C. (10 Aug. 2005). Response to a Coverage of the 9/11 Briefings. Washington, DC. O’Connor, T. (06 Jun 2006). Civic Liberties in Domestic Terrorism. In Megalinks in Criminal Justice. Retrieved August 10, 2006, from http://faculty. ncwc. edu/toconnor/429/429lect19. htm. Rosenzweig P. and Kochems A. (2005). Risk Assessment and Risk Management: Necessary Tools for Homeland Security. Backgrounder. (1889), pp. 1-4. â€Å"Secure Flight† (Feb. 2006).Center for media and Democracy. Retrieved 10 August 2006 from the World Wide Web: http://www. sourcewatch. org/index. php? title=Secure_Flight. Singel, R. (27 Aug. 2004). Secure Flight Gets Wary Welcome. Wired News. Retrieved 10 August 2006 from the World Wide Web: http://www. wired. com/news/privacy/0,1848,64748,00. html â€Å"TS A Reminds Passengers to:† (31 May 2006). Oklahoma Office of Homeland Security. Oklahoma:USA. â€Å"TSA Unveils Enhanced Security Screening Procedures and Changes to the Prohibited Items List† (06 Dec 2005). Oklahoma Office of Homeland Security. Oklahoma: USA.

What Needs to be Done About Leadership Essay Samples

What Needs to be Done About Leadership Essay Samples Leadership Essay Samples Can Be Fun for Everyone Some emphasise that's an innate quality while some advocate that it's an issue of practice only. Most folks would often believe that leadership is just vital in industries that are associated with business or making profit. Further, it assists in specifying the political and financial future of any nation by making an educational system which prepares modern youths for the problems of tomorrow. There are lots of advantages related to SBRC to the several people involved with the teaching-learning procedure. Definitions of Leadership Essay Samples Leadership isn't a quality but it's a person's behaviour. Courage is basically defined as having the bodily and mental fortitude to conduct a duty that most folks would hesitate to finish. The Secret to Leadership Essay Samples A leader has to be a very good listener. The leadership style aims at making the very best of teamwork inside an organization. Such type of leadership is called transformational. A perfect leadership style is essential for any organization. Goals in an organization must be achieved through a procedure. On the opposite hand managers aren't leaders. Democratic leaders emphasize theme work and are prepared to share responsibilities. The evolution of leadership skills is vital since they help to attain both personal and professional success. There's a significant difference between leadership and management. Nursing management is far different than leadership. Regardless, an effective clinical management and nursing leader ought to be able to understand how to deal with the available funds and financial resources, among others that may be employed to fuel an undertaking or any organization-related campaign, in order to reach the organizational objectives and objectives. Finding the Best Leadership Essay Samples Top-quality essay writing help is supplied to the students at a really nominal cost by the expert essay helpers. Well if you're writing the major body of the essay on leadership it is crucial to cover all the aspects regarding the topic. One of the greatest ways to compose a hook is to begin at the climax of your story. If you're looking for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensiv e writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. The significance of leadership ought to be clear to the readers in the essay with appropriate comprehension. Mission statement is fundamentally the statement of the purpose the business has. When it has to do with writing the most important body of the leadership essay we often get confused about the points that will need to get added. With a transparent work layout, individuals are somewhat more focused and more productive. The Debate Over Leadership Essay Samples Today, the part of leaders is extremely vital for the successful performance of various organizations. The prospective leader works with a coach, attempting to develop their leadership abilities. It's only logical to believe that leadership is important in all facets of managing an organization because an organization without an effective leader wouldn't have the ability to survive the harsh business environment that's prevalent in a very interconnected world economy. Student leadership on the opposite hand is the procedure by which an individual becomes a leader whilst still in school. To be able to be nice and efficient leader an individual must have to create many built-in skill One can't be effective as a leader without developing leadership abilities. If a leader can't communicate effectively with the team he isn't a superior leader. He has to be active and equally capable of all the areas of leadership to play his role successfully. He helps the workers to perform the given duties diligently. Finally, the aim of the nursing leader would always have something to do with the best purpose of meeting the expectations of the full department in meeting department and organizational targets and objectives. A leader should concentrate on bettering both the living and working atmosphere. A superb leader must possess effective communication abilities and have to convey information needed by employees at the most suitable time and place. Likewise the man working as a leader in business must possess decent small business communication and so forth. At precisely t he same time, it is necessary for a leader to keep distance between him or her and their associates so as to maintain formal relationship. Remember you don't need to be someone's superior to be a leader. As a consequence the leader can undermine their authority for a leader, while his or her personal qualities become of extreme importance for their relationship with the associates. A great leader has to be confident both facing the subjects and other men and women.

The Influence of Television Advertising on Consumer Choices

Since television advertising has become popular there has been a big dispute about how it impacts on consumers choices. An advertising is used to alert and boost a particular product or service to certain consumers. To identify the consumers they find out their needs and wants, and then enlighten them, through an advertising. It is a easy way to promote any type of product. Advertising is something that come on television, radios, and sports games. Television advertising come on television everyday. It is some consumers can go outside of their residence and approach in books, journals, magazines, and newspapers. There are a great deal of consumers who believe that television advertising causes people to become more influenced to buy products. The craft used in advertising usually focus on the purpose that will be brought to the consumers than on the product, giving people untrue hope for a good life if they buy their products. Television advertising that shows great ideas have become increasingly popular among consumers. The use of television advertising is the most effective way for companies to reach a large amount of people at once; the advertisements are done in such a way that they are both informative and entertaining for the consumer. While consumers believe that television advertising does have an effect on the buyer choice, there are some ways that advertising on television can not be a buyer choice. â€Å"Advertisements can subconsciously conditionShow MoreRelatedThe Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity967 Words   |  4 Pagescomprehensive assortment of convenient processed foods high in sugar, salt and fat, frequently marketed in large serving sizes with excessive sides, has ultimately made selecting healthy eating choices more difficult for the average consumer and policymakers. Various health experts maintain the onslaught of advertising and promotion surreptitiously and unfavourably influencing ingestion patterns and food partialities of individuals further complicates the issue. There has been substantial encouragementRead MoreAdvertising Strategies For The Highest Product Sales1182 Words   |  5 PagesThesis: Advertising strategies that lead to the highest product sales are the ones that utilize effective br anding and represent products honestly and clearly, capture the viewers’ attention, and remain in viewers’ memories. Advertisers spend millions of dollars creating effective television ads and commercials so consumers will purchase their products. Television advertising, the most powerful form of advertising, enables both audio and video advertising messages. Unlike other means of advertisementsRead MoreThe Correlation Between Television Advertising And Obesity1508 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance of the relationship between Television advertising and obesity. This issue has raised major debates among policy makers, academicians, the public and even marketers themselves. The most commonly used measure of obesity is the Body Mass Index (BMI) and it is calculated by dividing the weight by the square of individual’s height. 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For the reason that companies use various marketing activitiesRead MoreInfluence Of Advertisement On Contemporary Society1436 Words   |  6 PagesYoumna Shafiq English 101A-25 December 13, 2014 The Influence of advertisement on contemporary society Shafiq 1 In our media rich society, we see advertisements every day. Their appearance happens at numerous places ranging from cereal boxes to television screens, as well as public buses. Most advertisement often conveys an unrealistic view of the product. While it is a mass marketing technique to make the consumer buy the product, but most of us believe whatever advertised is true without givingRead MoreMarketing And Its Effect On Consumer Food Choices Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesDecisions are one of hardest choices a person has to make daily. People have to make decisions on various things in life. Companies must make decisions about developing their businesses on a higher level by using different marketing strategies. 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From magazine to television advertisements, women are bombarded with images of perfection—perfect figure, perfect hair, and perfect skin. Moreover, advertisements sell products that would help improve women’s appearance. The problem with these advertisements is the subjectivity of beautyRead MoreAdvertisements On The Everyday American Consumer915 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertisements has a huge influence on the everyday American consumer. The total amount of money spent on media advertising last year, 2015, was around one hundred and eighty-nine billion U.S. dollars. Mass corporations understand the power such ads could change the prospective of the consumer. It has been led to believe that the ads that are out for viewing main purpose is to change the way one views a topic or object. Advertisements are designe d to follow the times, not led it. The main objective

New Cultural Spaces Of India Essay - 938 Words

Author, Editor, Venture Capitalist, Entrepreneur, Ethnographer Curator. Parmesh Shahani wears many hats with aplomb. This charismatic soul has a million-dollar smile that exudes warmth. He is someone who creates new cultural spaces and sees links between different things and derives great joy in connecting the dots. For him, the joy lies in bridging the different boundaries. He is working at the intersection of academia, business and the creative industries to explore what is means to be Modern Indian. As ‘out proud’ Gay Indian Man, Shahani hopes to be a catalyst for change in the near future. HOW AND WHEN DID YOU COME TO TERMS WITH YOUR SEXUALITY? It was the time when I was working for Elle Magazine and I was asked to do a story on ‘Changing Gay Scene in India’. It triggered an unsettling feeling in me that - why am I asked to do this in particular. I had a persecution complex and simply denied being gay. I kind of always knew but it was more about articulation than discovery. It was in my early 20’s when I came out to my mom. Well I must say that I kind of felt cheated as I didn’t get the usual unaccepting reaction from her, while I was all prepared for tears drama. She found it quite normal and has always been my confidant. Indian men are spoilt by their mothers, gay straight and I am one of those. Its good Karma that I have a mom who has been a constant support. BEING BROUGHT UP IN DIFFERENT CULTURES CITIES, HOW HAS IT SHAPED YOU AS A PERSON? I feelShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Arundhati Roy s The God Of Small Things 1574 Words   |  7 Pagesof the text’s cultural and imperial inheritance. Through language, Roy finds ways to resist any dichotomy that posits a correct way of being by writing to both counter her native culture and also to honour it. This essay will discuss how Roy manipulates the colonial language into a tool of resistance from the colonial language through her acceptance, subversion and subjugation of India’s imperial inheritance. 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Model and Incidence Reduction Formula Free Essays

Today, we have many youth that have decided to come out of the closet, and have been shunned by their families and peers. Many have turned to alcohol and drugs to cope with their feelings of rejection. On the other hand, many of our youth indulge in risky sexual behaviors that put them at a great risk for sexuality transmitted diseases and even suicide ideation. We will write a custom essay sample on Model and Incidence Reduction Formula or any similar topic only for you Order Now Community Needs The proposed prevention program will address discrimination projected at youth’s who identify with being gay or lesbian in their communities. When discrimination occurs in the community, it produces stress, physical and psychological issues. Lewis, Delegated, Clarke, Kiang (2006) article addressed how discrimination of on?s sexual identity is categorization toward their social status. Discrimination of gay or lesbian youth can also produce substance use problems, suicidal acts, violent factorization along with risky sexual behaviors that put them at risk for HIVE infection, and significant rates of school dropout (Kernighan, Sheathes, Abacus, 2014). In communities, there are five factors that prohibit resilience within the lesbian or gay youth. Russell, Bona, Macaroon, Smith (201 1) stated that the Sebastian or gay youth often experience homophobia, divisions’ within their own communities; inability to make sense of danger; family failure of support for sexual identity; and their internalizing of negative information about lesbian or gay youth intentions on society as a whole. Many youth are therefore left feeling alone and unaccepted by their communities in which they live in. Desired Results Outputs: The overall achievement for participating in the program â€Å"Yes I Can† will be the following components. 1 . Parental/caretaker acceptance Of youth’s sexual orientation. 2. Stability of emotional, physical and psychological health. . Cessation of risky sexual and addictive behaviors. 4. Parental/caretaker active participation in therapy. 5. Production of positive relationships in families, peers, and school. 6. Ability to relinquish prior offenses that caused tremendous psychological and emotional pain, 7. Ability to live a life free from shame and guilt. Impacts The expected goals of the program ‘Yes Can† will seek to foster self- acceptance of the youth’s sexual identity, promote positive self-image; emotional and psychological stability; acknowledgement of guilt producing behaviors that affect cognitive abilities while wanting to achieve positive hanged. Influential Factors The program will utilize three modalities that have been shown to provide significant reduction capabilities for the lesbian or gay youth. Cognitive behavioral therapy postulates cessation of negative behavior and substance usage. The triangular theory of love will explain the concept of what love is, while forgiveness therapy will help the youth to understand how forgiveness can benefit them emotionally, spiritually, and psychologically once they make the conscious choice to forgive individuals who have wronged them. Parents and caretakers can empower their children to be who they are by encouraging them attend school regardless of what others say or do as long as they are not harmed. Strategies The following strategies will be utilized in the prevention program â€Å"Yes I Can†. 1. Community leaders and organizations to provide stringent policies for anti-gay harassment and violence in the schools. 2. Encouragement from parent/caretaker, community leaders and organizations. 3. Encouragement to stay in school. 4. Therapist/counselor understands how biases can damage the therapeutic relationship. 5. Utilization of competent providers in the assessment and counseling sectors. 6. Cultural competence. . Ethical guidelines adherence. 8. Journaling by participant’s of their needs and Concerns. 9. Assess the prospect of suicide ideation through the Beck Scale. 10. Random drug screenings. 11. Explain the informed consent. 12. Obtain an active measurement of confidence by using the self-efficacy scale. Assumptions The prevention program goals will be to empower the youths toward self- acceptance, positive self-worth, freedom from their negative past experiences; production of positive coping mechanisms; understanding of the risk of substance abuse on their health. The program will utilize donated reverie for assessments and counseling services. Referrals will be made to area hospitals with the recommendation for evaluation of the participant in a crisis stabilization unit for suicide ideation. Incidence Reduction Formula Incidence Reduction= Decrease: Maladaptive coping, stress reduction, depression, risky sexual of anger from prior offenses, shame Guilt. Behaviors, alleviation Increase: Acceptance of sexual identity, parental/caretaker Communication, self-esteem, self-worth. Logic Model Resources Activities Outputs Short Long Terms Outcomes Staff Trained in forgiveness therapy. Provide understanding of love for self. Trained staff in cognitive behavioral therapy. Participant’s secured from area schools, churches, parental referrals. Community agency referrals. Parental/caretaker participation Group therapy sessions. Workbooks on discriminatory practices. Journals to write own thoughts feelings to be addressed in therapy Drug testing Parental/caretaker involvement. Parental/caretaker acceptance of youth’s sexual orientation. Developed positive self-esteem. Substance abuse alleviated. Positive support from selected peers/family Of choice. Alleviate depression suicidal ideation. Positive cognitive and decision making skills. Positive attitude toward school and peers. Positive parental/caretaker relationships sustained. Develop and utilize voice against discrimination. Positive identity. Ability to function daily without drugs and alcohol. Healthy attitude toward life. Ability to develop and maintain healthy relationships. Ability to encourage others of the lesbian and gay community. Formative The program will use the concept of targeted mediator validation which recommends researchers to select social, psychological, and demographic variables that would be used in mediating and moderating such variables for he intervention. There will be three modalities used to advance and achieve the allocated intervention procedures. Attention will be focused on logged parental/caretaker and community participations. Relationship qualities will be viewed to assess whether they are conducive for the participant’s. Conformity will be completed between the influences on the participants willingness to change negative behaviors that have caused them harm. Us m native The program â€Å"Yes I Can† was designed to empower the lesbian and gay youth in communities to change damaging behaviors that have stagnated heir joy in life from discrimination. How to cite Model and Incidence Reduction Formula, Papers

Dollshouse Essay Example For Students

Dollshouse Essay The expectations imposed upon Nora were created by society and her husband. In the nineteenth century women had few alternatives to marriage; they were not expected to step beyond their roles as housewife and mother. Females were confined in every way imaginable. Women were limited by their identities as it relates to society and their husband’s expectations. On page 1571, Mrs. Linde says to Nora ‘A wife can’t borrow money without her husband’s consent.’ Mrs. Linde expects Nora has gotten the money through other means; either the lottery or other indiscreet means. It wasn’t expected that women with a little business know-how could derive ways to earn or borrow money. Torvald treats Nora like a doll. He calls her by all manner of names: squirrel, silly child, lark, songbird. The names he uses directly relates to how Torvald feels about her at the time. He tends to treat her views and opinions as less than important or trifling. Torvald doesn’t want Nora spending too much money at Christmas. Nora wants to borrow against his upcoming promotion and subsequent raise in salary. Torvald states on page 1565 ‘Are your scatterbrains off again? What if today I borrowed a thousand crowns, and you squandered them over Christmas week.’ On the rare occasion when Torvald gives her money, he is concern ed that she will waste it on candy and pastry. Nora asks Torvald what her most sacred vows are and he responds ‘And I have to tell you that! Aren’t they duties to your husband and children?’ Later on he states Before all else, you’re a wife and mother. Torvald states that her sacrifice for him was nothing. He states on page 1611 ‘I’d gladly work day and night, Nora, and take on pain and deprivation. But there’s no one who gives up honor for love. Torvald reveals his true feelings, which put appearance, both social and physical, ahead of his wife, whom he says he loves.Nora states on page 1611 ‘you neither think nor talk like the man I could join myself to. When your big fright was over – and it wasn’t from any threat against me, only for what might damage you – when all the danger was past, for you it was as if nothing had happened. I was exactly the same, your little lark, your little doll that you’d have to handle with double care now that Iâ€℠¢d turned out so brittle and frail. Torvald in that instant it dawned on me that I’ve been living with a stranger†¦.’As a women she is judged by laws framed by men that judges women from a masculine point of view. In the laws eyes she has committed forgery not an act of love for her husband. Even her husband views it that way. In the nineteenth century if a wife deserts her husband, the law frees him from all responsibility. Nora states on page 1610 ‘When a wife deserts her husbands house, just as I’m doing, then the law frees him from all responsibility. In any case I’m freeing you from being responsible. Torvald and society’s expectations of women in the nineteenth century were very limited and binding. Women were not expected to have opinions or be able to think for themselves. Oppressed and confused by the belief in authority, she loses faith in her ability, right, and obligation to rear her children.